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International Criminal Tribunals

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

The ICTY is based in The Hague, the Netherlands and was established in May 1993 by the UN Security Council to respond to the widespread and flagrant violations of international humanitarian law committed within the territory of the Former Yugoslavia, and especially in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ICTY is the world’s first truly international tribunal constituted under established international law. Its mandate is to try individuals (not organisations, political parties, administrative entities or other legal subjects) responsible for the crimes committed on the territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991. Categories of crimes over which the tribunal has jurisdiction are: grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, violations of the laws or customs of war, and crimes against humanity and genocide. The ICTY has contributed extensively to international criminal legal jurisprudence, particularly in the areas of the Geneva Conventions, torture, sexual violence, genocide, crimes against humanity and command responsibility.

For more information, see http://www.un.org/icty/.

Interntional Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda (ICTR)

The ICTR is based in Arusha, Tanzania and was established by the UN in 1994. Its function is to try individuals alleged to have committed genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law (crimes against humanity, violations of Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II) committed in the territory of Rwanda between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994. It also has jurisdiction to try Rwandan citizens responsible for genocide and other such violations of international law committed in the territory of neighbouring states during the same period.

As at June 2006, the ICTR had delivered 22 judgements involving 28 accused and were in the process of conducting 11 trials involving 27 accused. The ICTR has also contributed extensively to international criminal legal jurisprudence, including genocide, rape, and the role of the media.

For more information, see http://69.94.11.53/

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