International Trade in Legal Services
IBA Global Cross Border Legal Services Report
| Country |
Region |
WTO/GATS commitment in legal services |
Are foreign lawyers able to requalify as domestic lawyers? * |
Are foreign law firms able to establish offices? * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania |
Europe | Yes | Yes | No |
Algeria |
Middle East | No | No | No |
Angola |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Argentina |
Americas | Yes | Yes | No |
Armenia |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Australia |
Asia Pacific | Yes | Yes | |
Austria |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Azerbaijan |
Asia Pacific | No | No | Yes |
Bahrain |
Middle East | No | No | No |
Belarus |
Europe | No | No | Yes |
Belgium |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Belize |
Americas | No | Yes | Yes |
Benin |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Bolivia |
Americas | No | Yes | Yes |
Bosnia and
|
Europe | No | Yes | No |
Botswana |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Brazil |
Americas | No | Yes | No |
Brunei Darussalam |
Asia Pacific | No | Yes | No |
Bulgaria |
Europe | Yes | Yes | No |
Burundi |
Africa | No | No | No |
Cambodia |
Asia Pacific | Yes | No | Yes |
Cameroon |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Canada |
Americas | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Cape Verde |
Africa | Yes | Yes | No |
Central African Republic |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Chile |
Americas | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Colombia |
Americas | No | Yes | Yes |
Comoros |
Africa | No | No | Yes |
Congo |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Costa Rica |
Americas | No | Yes | Yes |
Cote d'Ivoire |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Croatia |
Europe | Yes | No | No |
Cyprus |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Czech Republic |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Denmark |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Djibouti |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Dominican Republic |
Americas | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Ecuador |
Americas | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Egypt |
Middle East | No | No | No |
El Salvador |
Americas | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Eritrea |
Africa | No | No | No |
Estonia |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Ethiopia |
Africa | No | No | No |
Finland |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
France |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Gabon |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Georgia |
Europe | Yes | No | Yes |
Germany |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Ghana |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Greece |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Guatemala |
Americas | No | No | No |
Guinea-Bissau |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Honduras |
Americas | No | No | No |
Hong Kong |
Asia Pacific | No | Yes | No |
Hungary |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Iceland |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
India |
Asia Pacific | No | Yes | No |
Indonesia |
Asia Pacific | No | No | No |
Ireland |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Israel |
Middle East | No | No | Yes |
Italy |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Jamaica |
Americas | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Japan |
Asia Pacific | Yes | No | Yes |
Jordan |
Middle East | Yes | No | Yes |
Kazakhstan |
Asia Pacific | No | No | Yes |
Kenya |
Africa | No | No | No |
Kosovo |
Europe | No | Yes | No |
Kuwait |
Middle East | No | No | Yes |
Kyrgyzstan |
Asia Pacific | Yes | No | Yes |
Laos |
Asia Pacific | Yes | No | Yes |
Latvia |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Lebanon |
Middle East | No | No | No |
Lesotho |
Africa | Yes | Yes | No |
Liechtenstein |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Lithuania |
Europe | No | Yes | Yes |
Luxembourg |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Macedonia (FYR) |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Madagascar |
Africa | No | No | No |
Malawi |
Africa | No | No | No |
Malaysia |
Asia Pacific | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Mali |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Malta |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Mauritius |
Middle East | No | Yes | Yes |
Mexico |
Americas | No | Yes | Yes |
Moldova |
Europe | Yes | No | Yes |
Montenegro |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Morocco |
Middle East | No | Yes | Yes |
Mozambique |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Myanmar |
Asia Pacific | No | No | Yes |
Namibia |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Netherlands |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
New Zealand |
Asia Pacific | Yes | Yes | No |
Nicaragua |
Americas | No | No | No |
Niger |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Nigeria |
Africa | No | No | No |
Norway |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Oman |
Middle East | Yes | No | Yes |
Pakistan |
Asia Pacific | No | Yes | No |
Panama |
Americas | Yes | No | No |
Paraguay |
Americas | No | No | No |
People's Republic of China (PRC) |
Asia Pacific | Yes | No | No |
Peru |
Americas | No | Yes | Yes |
Philippines |
Americas | No | No | No |
Poland |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Portugal |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Qatar |
Middle East | No | Yes | No |
Republic of Korea |
Asia Pacific | No | No | No |
Romania |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Russia |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Rwanda |
Africa | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Saudi Arabia |
Middle East | Yes | No | Yes |
Senegal |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |
Serbia |
Europe | No | Yes | Yes |
Seychelles |
Africa | Yes | Yes | No |
Singapore |
Asia Pacific | No | Yes | Yes |
Slovakia |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Slovenia |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
South Africa |
Africa | Yes | Yes | No |
Spain |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Sri Lanka |
Asia Pacific | No | Yes | Yes |
Sudan |
Middle East | No | No | No |
eSwatini (Swaziland) |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Sweden |
Europe | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Switzerland |
Europe | Yes | Yes | No |
Syria |
Asia Pacific | No | No | No |
Taiwan (Chinese Taipei) |
Asia Pacific | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Tajikistan |
Asia Pacific | No | No | Yes |
Tanzania - Tanganyika |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Tanzania - Zanzibar |
Africa | No | Yes | No |
Thailand |
Asia Pacific | Yes | No | Yes |
Togo |
Africa | No | Yes | Yes |