- the appropriate scope of human rights abuses that should trigger the imposition of sanctions (what should be included);
- the appropriate targets of a sanctions regime (who should be included); and
- the appropriate triggering mechanisms for a targeted human rights sanctions regime (how it should be activated).
The existing systems of targeted sanctions within Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom and the United States are reviewed and analysed in the report, which concludes with eleven recommendations, including:
- States and multilateral institutions, such as the EU, should introduce or amend existing sanctions regimes so that they are global in scope and responsive to serious human rights abuses;
- States should not limit sanctions to abuses involving a particular class of victims;
- States should make clear either in sanctions legislation or policy that the unjust imprisonment of journalists meets the threshold for sanctions and that prosecutors and judges, as well as officials, may be sanctionable;
- Sanctions should be used to respond to serious systemic restrictions on media freedom, including shutdowns of the internet;
- States should ensure that sanctions can be applied to non-state actors, including companies;
- States should ensure that sanctions can be applied to secondary participants, including those complicit in the abuses; and
- States should provide a role for an expert committee that is independent of the executive branch of government in determining targets for sanctions.
The High Level Panel of Legal Experts on Media Freedom is an independent body convened at the request of the Governments of the United Kingdom and Canada in July 2019. The remit of the Panel is to provide recommendations to governments on how better to protect journalists and address abuses of media freedom in line with international human rights law.
The Panel is chaired by The Rt Hon Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, former President of the UK Supreme Court, who stated: ‘A robust and free press is critical to the functioning of a healthy democracy and ensuring human rights around the world. Unfortunately, journalists in every corner of the globe today are facing threats to their freedom and to the ability to do their work. Targeted sanctions offer a powerful enforcement mechanism to address these human rights abuses.’
The publication of the report was marked by a launch event on Thursday 13 February 2020, which brought together Ministers, policy makers, press and thought leaders to discuss the findings and recommendations of the Report on the Use of Targeted Sanctions to Protect Journalists. Organised by the IBAHRI, the event was hosted at Chatham House, 10 St James's Square, London SW1Y 4LE, UK from 1230 to 1345.
Footage of the event will be posted to the IBA website, www.ibanet.org, in due course.
ENDS
Notes to the Editor
- Ms Clooney also serves as the UK Special Envoy on Media Freedom.
- The International Bar Association (IBA), the global voice of the legal profession, is the foremost organisation for international legal practitioners, bar associations and law societies. Established in 1947, shortly after the creation of the United Nations, it was born out of the conviction that an organisation made up of the world's bar associations could contribute to global stability and peace through the administration of justice.
The International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI), an autonomous and financially independent entity, works to promote, protect and enforce human rights under a just rule of law, and to preserve the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession worldwide.
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