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China’s Foreign State Immunity Law 2023: Implications for Enforcement of Judgments and Arbitral Awards against States and State Entities in the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Macau

The new Foreign State Immunity Law 2023 of the People’s Republic of China came into force on 1 January 2024. This shifts the country (as well as its special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macau) away from absolute state immunity to restrictive state immunity, bringing it more in line with the relatively prevalent practice among the international community. This article discusses the status of state immunity in public international law, analyses the new law’s provisions and examines practical challenges that will be faced by those seeking to utilise this law to enforce judgments or awards against foreign states and state entities, and the new law’s innovations that go beyond the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property of 2004 and the UK State Immunity Act 1978.

A Brief Discussion on the Implications, Regulation and Prospects of AI in Dispute Resolution Practice with a Focus on China

China’s restrictions on cross-border transfer of personal information: an update on regulatory policy and practical implications

This article will outline the development of China’s restrictions on the cross-border transfer of personal information (PI export), detailing PI export mechanisms provided by the Personal Information Protection Law. It will also explain the practical implications of the restrictions.

Utilising Generative AI in Businesses: Risks and Best Practices

The rise in popularity of generative artificial intelligence (‘generative AI’) has ignited the discussion on whether junior employees can be replaced by it. Some have gone to the extent of questioning whether professionals, such as lawyers, can also be replaced by generative AI. Is it wise to replace junior employees or lawyers with generative AI? What factors should be considered before deploying generative AI tools in your business? To consider these questions, we first need to understand the basic workings of generative AI and what it can offer. Fundamentally, AI is intelligence that is not biological. The general understanding is that machines will be ascribed with this intelligence. These machines have the ability to interpret, learn from and process external data in a way that is similar to the capabilities of the human mind. Generative AI is a type of AI program that generates content from a data set. It uses deep learning, a type of machine learning system that behaves like a neural network to simulate the functions of a human brain. In other words, it can mimic human intelligence by exhibiting analytical skills to create new content. Not only can generative AI be utilised in chatbot programs to create text, but it can also be used in programs that can create images, sound or videos. This article will consider two major forms of generative AI, in the context of risks to businesses: chatbots using generative pre-trained transformer technology programs; and image generating programs.

The SEC’s tough stance on intermediary institutions: compliance and litigation risks

This article discusses the recent SEC case involving PwC and highlights the wider implications for intermediary institutions providing professional services in a tightened regulatory and enforcement regime in China’s banking and financial sector.

China’s design for human rights

President Xi’s China is now a major player at the United Nations, supporting peacekeeping operations and emphasising global cooperation to protect human rights. But there are fears that China’s more active role could erode multilateral intervention and even lead to the demise of international human rights laws.

Inspirational legal women: a conversation with Imbi Jürgen

An insightful discussion with Imbi Jürgen

IBA talks to CCBE Vice-President, Imbi Jürgen, for Inspirational Legal Women podcast

The International Bar Association (IBA) Legal Policy & Research Unit (LPRU) has released the latest instalment of its Inspirational Legal Women podcast series, featuring Imbi Jürgen, the Vice-President of the Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe (CCBE) and…

IBA Showcase: attorney wellbeing – what it is and why it matters to the legal profession

This session examines what has led to a crisis in attorney wellbeing and launches the IBA Presidential Taskforce, which aims to help tackle the root causes. During the session, Steven Richman of Clark Hill, Deborah Enix-Ross of Debevoise & Plimpton and Sara Carnegie, Director of the IBA Legal Policy and Research Unit, posed the questions explored by the panel.

Reflections on the IBA European Regional Forum Retreat in Budapest

Arriving in Budapest, I was excited to join my first IBA European Regional Forum (ERF) retreat as a council member. Bringing together over 50 officers, council members and Advisory Board members, this was a great (and slightly daunting!) opportunity to immerse myself in the ERF and find out more about their current and upcoming projects.

Report from the IBA Automotive and Mobility Services Conference

We were happy to see 110 participants in Munich on 27 March, in the unique location of Upside East for a day of discussions concerning the very challenging times that the automotive industry is now facing. Attendees had a chance to ease into the conference at the welcome cocktail which took place the evening before and it was good to see many familiar faces showing that the conference is becoming a familiar item on the IBA calendar.

Lookback at Boston: IBA Transnational Crime Conference 2023

A report of the 25th Transnational Crime Conference, held 3–5 May 2023 in Boston, Massachusetts.

Seventh Annual IBA European Start-up Conference, Stockholm: report on panel session: ‘To list, to sell or to flip to the US: succesful exit methods in Europe’

A report on the panel session ‘To list, to sell or to flip to the US: sucessful exist methods in Europe’. Participants discussed recent challenges in the initial public offerings market, the ‘dual-track’ strategy and the role of legal advisors among other interesting points.

The European automotive and mobility service industry: transformation and revolution – IBA Annual Conference Paris, 2 November 2023

On the afternoon of Thursday 2 November 2023, at the IBA Annual Conference in Paris, the European Regional Forum lead the organisation of the automotive session titled ‘The European automotive and mobility service industry: transformation and revolution’. Contrary to its title the panellists came from different areas of the world, including Europe, India, Mexico and South Korea. During the session, panellists discussed issues relating to data privacy, developments concerning autonomous vehicles, the future of electric vehicles and more.

European Fashion and Luxury Law Conference summary

The European Fashion and Luxury Law Conference, meticulously organised by the European Regional Forum (ERF) of the International Bar Association (IBA) in Milan on 23 April 2024, was a resounding success. The event, which was fully booked, showcased a remarkable assembly of speakers, each highly esteemed within the industry. These speakers brought with them a wealth of knowledge and expertise, which they shared across a series of discussions and presentations.

Making Executive Compensation Less Controversial: The Rise of Pay Ratios

Developments in executive compensation have resulted in more legislation and regulations on executive pay being introduced over the past two decades than in the previous 150 years. Ever since the last financial crisis, executive compensation has remained high on the agenda of many authorities. When there are concerns about executive remuneration, legislators first of all try to find the remedy through increasing the level of transparency. Such a transparency measure, currently favoured by various countries

Session report one: IBA Annual Conference in Mexico City

A session report from the diversity and inclusion session at the IBA Annual Conference in Mexico City.

Alipay and the impact of e-payment systems resulting in new regulations in China and other jurisdictions - China Working Group

By Yi-An (Ann) Lai. Alipay and the impact of e-payment systems resulting in new regulations in China and other jurisdictions.

Session report two: IBA Annual Conference in Mexico City

A session report from the diversity and inclusion session at the IBA Annual Conference in Mexico City.

Converting leads into clients: ten tips for lawyers

In the competitive legal market, law firms invest substantial resources in marketing. However, many firms fail to prioritise the ultimate goal of these investments: converting leads into clients. A necessary key performance indicator (KPI) to measure marketing success is the number of leads generated, as leads represent potential business opportunities. However, while generating leads is crucial, success is ultimately determined by how effectively those leads turn into paying clients. Without conversion, marketing efforts become a sunk cost rather than a growth driver.

Judges & arbitrators as adjudicators & settlement facilitators, and Singapore Convention on Enforcement of Mediated Settlements

By Byung-Woo Im. Judges and arbitrators as adjudicators and settlement facilitators, and the Singapore Convention on Enforcement of Mediated Settlements

How evidence is best presented in international arbitration and the IBA rules on evidence

By Sungjean Seo. How evidence is best presented in international arbitration and the IBA rules on evidence

The IBA ERF’s ‘Big Retreat’ 2025 from an officer’s perspective

This year brought a slight change in how we approached our Big Retreat. The Officers’ Retreat and the Council Members’ Retreat were joined into a single event which took place in Budapest at the start of March 2025. Our Senior Vice Chair, Viktória Szilágyi from Lakatos Köves and Partners, carried out the work as this year’s gracious host and needed to accommodate such a large crowd with a full schedule. She certainly lived up to it!

Electrifying discussions: a recap of the 4th European Automotive and Mobility Services Conference

Innovation was the leading topic at the 4th European Automotive and Mobility Services Conference convened on 14 March 2024. Nearly 100 delegates gathered at Upper East, a unique venue boasting an industrial chic vibe on the 9th and 10th floors, located behind Ostbahnhof station.

How to internationalise your business

For many law firms, international legal work is already part of their practice. Whether it is advising foreign investors, navigating cross-border transactions or handling disputes with an international element, legal teams often engage beyond their own jurisdictions. But true internationalisation is more than just taking on occasional cross-border matters.

Creating and implementing a diversity and inclusion strategy for the law firm – IBA Annual Conference Paris, 31 October 2023

In this session, Antonia Verna and Pavla Prikrylova presented the European Regional Forum Diversity & Inclusion Working Party with the Diversity and Inclusion Toolkit for Lawyers. The Toolkit was developed by the International Bar Association (IBA) to provide law firms with an action plan to embed the core principles of diversity and inclusion into their organisations.

IBA hosts largest transnational crime conference to date

The 26th Transnational Crime Conference, which took place between 8–10 May 2024 in Milan, Italy, was a resounding success. In fact, it has become the most well-attended international criminal law conference in the IBA’s history!

Board chair and CEO roles: legal and practical experience from Cambodia

While the academic study of leadership roles found in a board of directors and management is not new, it is almost unheard of in Cambodia. This is not surprising given the country’s entire corporate governance and economic structure are still evolving.

Digital assets: how to decipher a cryptic phenomenon?

The panel on digital assets at the 37th International Financial Law Conference in Venice was co-chaired by Dirk Bliesener, Vice-Chair of the IBA Banking Law Committee and partner at Hengeler Mueller in Frankfurt, and Benjamin Leisinger, member of the IBA Securities Law Committee and partner at Homburger in Zurich. It began by examining some of the fundamentals of crypto markets and the different asset standards.

IBA Criminal Law Section at the 2024 IBA Annual Conference in Mexico City

The IBA’s Criminal Law Section (made up of the Criminal Law, Business Crime, Anti-Corruption and Asset Recovery Committees) has closed 2024 with another successful conference; this time in Mexico City, where around 5,000 delegates gathered to exchange ideas, discuss the latest hot topics in the legal world and – of course – experience Mexican food, music and culture (including a memorable trip to a Lucha Libre wrestling competition).