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Future of law: courts debate legality of legal ‘bots’

The Hanseatic Bar Association has mounted a successful challenge against a ‘legal bot’, with the regional court of Cologne finding in October that the bot, an online contract generator, was in effect providing legal services. Under German law, only lawyers, not computer bots, can dispense legal advice.

Issue 21 – Friday 11 September 2020

The 21st edition of the Monitor covers topics including a fire in Moria refugee camp forcing refugees ill with Covid-19 to flee and the growing crisis for worldwide refugee camps, the effect on low-income earners, including redundancies and homelessness and the difficulties for those living with disability in the reopening of schools.

Issue 11 – Friday 3 July 2020

The latest issue of the IBAHRI Covid-19 Human Rights Monitor contains updates on gender-based violence and women’s health in India and Northern Ireland. Also: refugee camps, including the Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya, which has no reported cases of Covid-19 to date.

Highlights from the 11th Annual IBA World Life Sciences Conference, 11–13 June, Boston

From 11–13 June, leading legal experts in life sciences and healthcare convened at the Ritz-Carlton, Boston, for the 11th Annual IBA World Life Sciences Conference. The event, co-hosted by the IBA Intellectual Property and Healthcare and Life Sciences Law Committees, brought together regulators, corporate counsel, private practitioners and academics to address the most pressing developments at the intersection of law, innovation and global health. This articles considers the key themes and panel highlights of the conference.

IBAHRI and ATI pen letter to Turkey’s President condemning conviction of 11 medical professionals

The International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI), in conjunction with the Anti-Torture Initiative (ATI), has written to Turkey’s President, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, condemning the conviction of 11 members of the Turkish Medical Association (TMA) Central Council on terrorism charges.

Fighting corruption in Brazil: Federal Decree No 11,129 of 11 July 2022, regulating anti-corruption law

The Anti-Corruption Law was first regulated, at the federal level, by Decree No 8,420 of 18 March 2015. On 12 July 2022, more than seven years later, Federal Decree No 11,129 of 11 July 2022, which regulates Anti-Corruption Law and repeals Decree No. 8,420/2015, was published by the Brazilian government. This article provides a detailed overview of the new Decree.

Multinational LATAM companies in distress: Chapter 11 or Chapter 15 of US Bankruptcy Code – opportunities and pitfalls

Report on the session of the Insolvency Section of the Latin American Regional Forum at the IBA Annual Conference in Miami

Latin American airlines file for Chapter 11 in response to Covid-19: forum shopping or sound strategy?

A webinar presented by the IBA Insolvency Section, 8 September 2020, 1400-1500 BST

Chapter 11 rehabilitation proceedings in Korea of a shipping company - Maritime and Transport Law Committee, July 2020

This article is aimed at providing detailed information about the procedures and pertinent details of rehabilitation or Chapter 11 proceedings of Korea regarding shipping companies.

Report on Tables 11 and 12 of Interactive Workshop: Selected corporate topics connected to developments and consequences of the global pandemic – part one

Report on session at 6th IBA Global Entrepreneurship Conference, 16 – 17 May 2022, presented by the IBA Closely Held and Growing Business Enterprise Committee

Utilising Generative AI in Businesses: Risks and Best Practices

The rise in popularity of generative artificial intelligence (‘generative AI’) has ignited the discussion on whether junior employees can be replaced by it. Some have gone to the extent of questioning whether professionals, such as lawyers, can also be replaced by generative AI. Is it wise to replace junior employees or lawyers with generative AI? What factors should be considered before deploying generative AI tools in your business? To consider these questions, we first need to understand the basic workings of generative AI and what it can offer. Fundamentally, AI is intelligence that is not biological. The general understanding is that machines will be ascribed with this intelligence. These machines have the ability to interpret, learn from and process external data in a way that is similar to the capabilities of the human mind. Generative AI is a type of AI program that generates content from a data set. It uses deep learning, a type of machine learning system that behaves like a neural network to simulate the functions of a human brain. In other words, it can mimic human intelligence by exhibiting analytical skills to create new content. Not only can generative AI be utilised in chatbot programs to create text, but it can also be used in programs that can create images, sound or videos. This article will consider two major forms of generative AI, in the context of risks to businesses: chatbots using generative pre-trained transformer technology programs; and image generating programs.

China’s Foreign State Immunity Law 2023: Implications for Enforcement of Judgments and Arbitral Awards against States and State Entities in the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Macau

The new Foreign State Immunity Law 2023 of the People’s Republic of China came into force on 1 January 2024. This shifts the country (as well as its special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macau) away from absolute state immunity to restrictive state immunity, bringing it more in line with the relatively prevalent practice among the international community. This article discusses the status of state immunity in public international law, analyses the new law’s provisions and examines practical challenges that will be faced by those seeking to utilise this law to enforce judgments or awards against foreign states and state entities, and the new law’s innovations that go beyond the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property of 2004 and the UK State Immunity Act 1978.

China’s restrictions on cross-border transfer of personal information: an update on regulatory policy and practical implications

This article will outline the development of China’s restrictions on the cross-border transfer of personal information (PI export), detailing PI export mechanisms provided by the Personal Information Protection Law. It will also explain the practical implications of the restrictions.

Mediating Disputes Involving Chinese Parties

Mediation is on the rise internationally as a means to settle disputes in a cost-effective manner. Chinese parties appear to be increasingly interested in mediation as an option. This article examines the evolving landscape of mediation in China and internationally. It considers how mediation for Chinese parties is evolving and whether mediation is a good option for Chinese parties in cross-border disputes. Commercial mediation has seen remarkable growth, bolstered by a supportive PRC judicial system and legislative initiatives encouraging parties to find harmonious ways to resolve disputes. The article analyses the three primary types of mediation in China: people’s mediation, administrative mediation, and commercial mediation. It also looks at mediation rules and proceedings in common law jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States. The article anecdotally considers the cultural elements, emphasising the Chinese parties’ preference for evaluative mediation styles as a reflection of civil law. Through case studies of international disputes involving Chinese and US parties, the article illustrates the practical dynamics of mediation involving Chinese parties and underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity in international mediation. As Chinese parties continue to go global, mediation is emerging as an attractive option for efficient and cost-effective dispute resolution. This analysis assesses whether the promotion of mediation is yielding tangible outcomes and explores the future of mediation involving Chinese and foreign parties.

A Brief Discussion on the Implications, Regulation and Prospects of AI in Dispute Resolution Practice with a Focus on China

The SEC’s tough stance on intermediary institutions: compliance and litigation risks

This article discusses the recent SEC case involving PwC and highlights the wider implications for intermediary institutions providing professional services in a tightened regulatory and enforcement regime in China’s banking and financial sector.

Alipay and the impact of e-payment systems resulting in new regulations in China and other jurisdictions - China Working Group

By Yi-An (Ann) Lai. Alipay and the impact of e-payment systems resulting in new regulations in China and other jurisdictions.

Legitimate expectations and state assurances: a look at the protection of predictability and stability of the legal framework for international construction projects

The future looks bright for collaboration – contracting for 100 per cent renewable electricity generation

In this article, we consider what the best contracting model may be in order to deliver New Zealand’s significant renewable construction projects in an expedient and effective way, and to minimise the likelihood of disputes arising. To do so, we examine the more traditional international approach using an EPC form of contract and whether New Zealand’s approach to being more collaborative may be suitable.

A framework for digital platform regulation

In rapid succession, a number of jurisdictions have moved away from focusing on antitrust enforcement to the proposed regulation of digital platforms. Ostensibly, the regulatory focus is about competition and potential concerns that traditional ex post enforcement may be ill-equipped to address the power of digital platforms. This article focuses on the realities of what platform regulation might mean, and how to better frame and structure the nature of appropriate regulation. This article first identifies a number of the different approaches to regulation that various jurisdictions have put forward, and then lays out six basic principles for platform regulation to help address some of the potential harms that such approaches may unwittingly be pursuing.

The impact of corruption on the rule of law and the effective administration of justice using Nigeria as a case study

Corruption is a global issue that impacts all facets of society and undermines the rule of law and the effective administration of justice. Nigeria is not immune to this trend, as corruption has had devastating effects on its legal system, resulting in a weakened judiciary and law enforcement agencies, thus fostering a culture of impunity for the affluent and powerful.

International Human Rights Law and International Investment Law: Perspectives on International Legal Coherence

International human rights law (IHRL) and international investment law (IIL) are two influential subsets of public international law reflecting distinct purposes and historical evolutions. Nonetheless, the two subsets interact in the context of the investor–state dispute settlement system (ISDS), due to the rise in human rights claims under international investment agreements. This article appraises this interaction from the perspective of IHRL in light of the fragmentation of public international law. It argues for the need to recognise and assess concurrent international legal obligations systematically and coherently, suggesting that the principle of systemic integration could support the consideration of human rights treaty obligations in ISDS and promote legal accountability. Foreign direct investment and human rights are linked in complex and non-linear ways. Furthermore, a predictable, coherent and transparent legal approach is necessary to ensure that IIL respects substantive and procedural human rights. This may also bolster the legitimacy of ISDS by redressing perceived power imbalances. It may attenuate the potential negative externalities of granting broad, asymmetrical rights to investors without any concomitant obligations under investment treaties. This article concludes that to prevent accountability gaps, tribunals must recognise: (1) a home–host state continuum of human rights legal accountability; (2) home state obligations to protect against third party violations by its investors abroad; and (3) host state obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights.

Settlement of Mass Consumer Class Actions in Canada: An Analysis of Developments, Trends and Challenges

Since the introduction of the legislative regime for class actions in Canada, there has been a growing number, size and scope of legal claims being litigated as class proceedings in Canada, including mass consumer class actions. As most class actions settle before proceeding to trial, and the court must approve any class action settlement, this has led to increased judicial scrutiny of class action settlements, and a growing body of case law in Canada analysing what a class action settlement that is fair, reasonable and in the best interest of the class members looks like, particularly in the unique context of a mass consumer class action. In this article, we provide an in-depth review of the law in Canada concerning the settlement of mass consumer class actions, outline the observed trend of increased judicial scrutiny over mass consumer class action settlements and ultimately conclude that the question of whether a settlement is fair, reasonable and in the best interest of the class can be a challenging question to answer in mass consumer class actions, given the unique features of these types of claims.

IBA European Fashion and Luxury Law Conference 2025: London edition sets the stage for industry innovation

The International Bar Association’s (IBA) European Regional Forum brought the global fashion and luxury law community together in London for the 2025 edition of its highly anticipated European Fashion and Luxury Law Conference. Held on 15–16 May at the iconic OXO2 venue, the event drew over 100 attendees, including leading legal professionals, in-house counsel and industry experts, all eager to explore the latest legal and commercial trends shaping the fashion and luxury sectors. This article provides an overview of the conference.

Seventh Annual IBA European Start-up Conference, Stockholm: report on panel session: ‘To list, to sell or to flip to the US: succesful exit methods in Europe’

A report on the panel session ‘To list, to sell or to flip to the US: sucessful exist methods in Europe’. Participants discussed recent challenges in the initial public offerings market, the ‘dual-track’ strategy and the role of legal advisors among other interesting points.

The European automotive and mobility service industry: transformation and revolution – IBA Annual Conference Paris, 2 November 2023

On the afternoon of Thursday 2 November 2023, at the IBA Annual Conference in Paris, the European Regional Forum lead the organisation of the automotive session titled ‘The European automotive and mobility service industry: transformation and revolution’. Contrary to its title the panellists came from different areas of the world, including Europe, India, Mexico and South Korea. During the session, panellists discussed issues relating to data privacy, developments concerning autonomous vehicles, the future of electric vehicles and more.

Jurisdiction and admissibility in dispute resolution clauses

An issue that often arises in international arbitrations involving construction contracts with stepped dispute resolution clause is whether a claimant’s failure to: (a) go through the dispute resolution provisions; or (b) comply with a time bar clause gives rise to a question of admissibility or jurisdiction. Put another way, if a claimant has failed to refer a dispute to an adjudicator as a condition precedent to arbitration should the arbitral tribunal decline to proceed because it lacks jurisdiction ...

Psychological health, safety and wellbeing: reshaping the working environment of the European law firm – IBA Annual Conference Paris, 30 October 2023

The European Regional Forum (ERF), in particular its Professional Wellbeing Working Party (PWWP), organised a session on lawyers' wellbeing and ways in which we can make our law firms become better working environments. This session was additionally organised with the support of the IBA’s Presidential Task Force on Mental Health and wellbeing and the Professional Ethics Committee; it took place at the IBA 2023 Annual Conference in Paris.

Using the practice of law to facilitate change and to accelerate a just transition

A session report from the joint session of the IBA Regional Fora at the IBA Annual Conference 2024 in Mexico City.

IBA European Regional Forum Diversity & Inclusion Survey report: Building active engagement with Diversity & Inclusion

A report on a survey created by the Diversity and Inclusion Working Party of the IBA European Regional Forum to understand how Diversity & Inclusion is perceived by European law firms and to try to learn from each other’s experience.