Climate change has put pressure on the shipping industry to adapt to new requirements from governments, as well as to expectations from customers requiring the transport of their goods with minimal environmental footprint. New conventions such as the Ballast Water and Bunker Oil conventions are now entering into force. In the Sulphur Emission Control Area (SECA), the sulphur content is limited to 0.1 per cent and the International Marine Organisation has just agreed a global reduction to 0.5 per cent to apply to most vessel types from 2020. We see many shipowners ordering liquefied natural gas-driven vessels. Is that the solution for the future? For existing ships, there are significant problems and costs relating to the retrofitting of scrubbers or other technologies, which are in their infancy. How will the industry adjust to the forthcoming changes? The topics in this session will include issues relating to alternative fuels, improving marine vessel emission inventory methods, emission reductions and exhaust regulations. The session will also focus on supply chains and climate system impacts, including transport in the Arctic.