This panel will map pathways for closely held companies to optimise their capital stack. Beyond SAFE/convertible instruments, panelists will explore working with private credit and non‑bank lenders, facilities for holdcos and family businesses, corporate venture capital and senior and mezzanine financing facilities, with attention to how the capital stack may evolve as a family business transitions to a non-family ownership profile. The discussion will include financing structures, finance provider diligence expectations and governance considerations relevant to closely held companies. The panel will also consider how to navigate covenants in a manner that aligns the financing terms with the company’s growth objectives.