As global demand for critical minerals intensifies, access to these inputs is no longer determined solely by geology or investment conditions; it increasingly depends on a complex web of export controls, sanctions regimes, trade restrictions and market-driven allocation mechanisms. The governance of cross-border mineral supply chains is therefore shaped by geopolitical competition, conflicting industrial policies and the proliferation of regulatory tools used by States to direct or constrain the movement of mineral commodities.

This session will discuss export control frameworks, buyer due diligence obligations, the impact of mineral-related sanctions and embargoes, international trade agreements and the influence of market dynamics on commercial decision-making.