Publications

ROBOR and competition law: Romania’s landmark benchmark-setting investigation

The Romanian Competition Council has sanctioned ten banks for alleged coordination in the ROBOR (Romanian Interbank Offer Rate) benchmark-setting process, imposing fines totalling approximatively €700m. The case is significant not only as a major domestic enforcement development, but also as a national application of EU competition law to benchmark-related conduct, in line with the European Commission’s precedents.

Released on Aug 10, 2026

Who gets a say? The case for negotiated mechanisms under Bill No. 4,675/2025 and the future of digital markets regulation in Brazil

This article presents preliminary thoughts and considerations on Brazil’s Bill No. 4,675/2025, which will make the Administrative Council for Economic Defence (CADE) the regulator for digital markets. It briefly analyses the adequacy of the proposed model: (1) for the digital markets sector; and (2) in relation to Brazil’s existing framework. The article also demonstrates that adopting a dialogue-based model for the obligations of the agents designated as systemically relevant ‘gatekeepers’, given CADE’s experience and success with consensual negotiations, may enhance proportionality, legal certainty and regulatory effectiveness without displacing public enforcement authority.

Released on Aug 10, 2026

Mexico’s new competition authority after the 2025 reforms: a brief status update

Nearly a year into operation, the new Mexican competition authority, the Comisión Nacional Antimonopolio (the CNA) demonstrates technical and institutional continuity with its predecessor, while operating under a more assertive enforcement framework.

Released on Aug 10, 2026

Turkish Competition Board imposes sector-wide separation remedies in the casting agencies sector

The Turkish Competition Board has fined casting agencies for the joint determination of agency commission rates, service conditions and exchange of competitively sensitive information. It has also imposed sector-wide remedies banning the conduct of casting agency and casting direction or production activities within the same economic unit. This article critically examines these remedies with respect to their legal basis, necessity, and compatibility with the Turkish competition law framework.

Released on Aug 10, 2026