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China's regulation of artificial intelligence – progress and challenges

Artificial intelligence (AI) is developing rapidly in China, with the number of patents and the size of the market both ranking highly among countries. However, this rapid development has posed new challenges to the legal framework, ethical norms and social governance, prompting China to continuously adjust and improve the relevant regulatory system.

Utilising Generative AI in Businesses: Risks and Best Practices

The rise in popularity of generative artificial intelligence (‘generative AI’) has ignited the discussion on whether junior employees can be replaced by it. Some have gone to the extent of questioning whether professionals, such as lawyers, can also be replaced by generative AI. Is it wise to replace junior employees or lawyers with generative AI? What factors should be considered before deploying generative AI tools in your business? To consider these questions, we first need to understand the basic workings of generative AI and what it can offer. Fundamentally, AI is intelligence that is not biological. The general understanding is that machines will be ascribed with this intelligence. These machines have the ability to interpret, learn from and process external data in a way that is similar to the capabilities of the human mind. Generative AI is a type of AI program that generates content from a data set. It uses deep learning, a type of machine learning system that behaves like a neural network to simulate the functions of a human brain. In other words, it can mimic human intelligence by exhibiting analytical skills to create new content. Not only can generative AI be utilised in chatbot programs to create text, but it can also be used in programs that can create images, sound or videos. This article will consider two major forms of generative AI, in the context of risks to businesses: chatbots using generative pre-trained transformer technology programs; and image generating programs.

Interpol, double jeopardy and data protection

This article examines the Advocate General’s opinion WS v Bundesrepublik Deutschland (case C-505/19). It considers the relevance of double jeopardy to Interpol Red Notices, and data protection challenges to Interpol’s activities.

Navigating 2024: the Italian venture capital biotech market and the crucial role of intellectual property assets as a deal maker or deal breaker

This article aims to provide a preliminary outline of the major venture capital (VC) trends in the life sciences sector targeting Italian biotech companies, mainly operating in certain specific sub-segments, as a result of it being ascertained that the Italian life sciences market ranked as one of the most funded industries by VC in 2024. The article focuses on the importance of intellectual property (IP) assets in VC life science deals, through a discussion of how IP generally qualify as a ‘deal maker’ or ‘deal breaker’, capable of having a significative impacts on all the phases of VC deals: (1) related to the due diligence process and regardless of whether the biotech is the IP owner or uses such IP in the context of a licence agreement; (2) taking into account specific peculiarities of the Italian legal framework, such as the reform of the so-called abolition of the professor’s privilege; and (iii) with a focus on the contractual structure of VC deals, by pointing out some of the most common closing conditions and the market standards in terms of the release of IP representations and warranties.

Alipay and the impact of e-payment systems resulting in new regulations in China and other jurisdictions - China Working Group

By Yi-An (Ann) Lai. Alipay and the impact of e-payment systems resulting in new regulations in China and other jurisdictions.

China’s restrictions on cross-border transfer of personal information: an update on regulatory policy and practical implications

This article will outline the development of China’s restrictions on the cross-border transfer of personal information (PI export), detailing PI export mechanisms provided by the Personal Information Protection Law. It will also explain the practical implications of the restrictions.

A Brief Discussion on the Implications, Regulation and Prospects of AI in Dispute Resolution Practice with a Focus on China

Roma Tre University day

On 22 November 2023, the IBA European Regional Forum (ERF), the IBA Academic and Professional Development Committee and the IBA Future of Legal Services Commission, in cooperation with Roma Tre University, organised a university day and job fair.

European Fashion and Luxury Law Conference summary

The European Fashion and Luxury Law Conference, meticulously organised by the European Regional Forum (ERF) of the International Bar Association (IBA) in Milan on 23 April 2024, was a resounding success. The event, which was fully booked, showcased a remarkable assembly of speakers, each highly esteemed within the industry. These speakers brought with them a wealth of knowledge and expertise, which they shared across a series of discussions and presentations.

Mediating Disputes Involving Chinese Parties

Mediation is on the rise internationally as a means to settle disputes in a cost-effective manner. Chinese parties appear to be increasingly interested in mediation as an option. This article examines the evolving landscape of mediation in China and internationally. It considers how mediation for Chinese parties is evolving and whether mediation is a good option for Chinese parties in cross-border disputes. Commercial mediation has seen remarkable growth, bolstered by a supportive PRC judicial system and legislative initiatives encouraging parties to find harmonious ways to resolve disputes. The article analyses the three primary types of mediation in China: people’s mediation, administrative mediation, and commercial mediation. It also looks at mediation rules and proceedings in common law jurisdictions, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States. The article anecdotally considers the cultural elements, emphasising the Chinese parties’ preference for evaluative mediation styles as a reflection of civil law. Through case studies of international disputes involving Chinese and US parties, the article illustrates the practical dynamics of mediation involving Chinese parties and underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity in international mediation. As Chinese parties continue to go global, mediation is emerging as an attractive option for efficient and cost-effective dispute resolution. This analysis assesses whether the promotion of mediation is yielding tangible outcomes and explores the future of mediation involving Chinese and foreign parties.

Seventh Annual IBA European Start-up Conference, Stockholm: report on panel session: ‘To list, to sell or to flip to the US: succesful exit methods in Europe’

A report on the panel session ‘To list, to sell or to flip to the US: sucessful exist methods in Europe’. Participants discussed recent challenges in the initial public offerings market, the ‘dual-track’ strategy and the role of legal advisors among other interesting points.

The European automotive and mobility service industry: transformation and revolution – IBA Annual Conference Paris, 2 November 2023

On the afternoon of Thursday 2 November 2023, at the IBA Annual Conference in Paris, the European Regional Forum lead the organisation of the automotive session titled ‘The European automotive and mobility service industry: transformation and revolution’. Contrary to its title the panellists came from different areas of the world, including Europe, India, Mexico and South Korea. During the session, panellists discussed issues relating to data privacy, developments concerning autonomous vehicles, the future of electric vehicles and more.

Electrifying discussions: a recap of the 4th European Automotive and Mobility Services Conference

Innovation was the leading topic at the 4th European Automotive and Mobility Services Conference convened on 14 March 2024. Nearly 100 delegates gathered at Upper East, a unique venue boasting an industrial chic vibe on the 9th and 10th floors, located behind Ostbahnhof station.

IBA hosts largest transnational crime conference to date

The 26th Transnational Crime Conference, which took place between 8–10 May 2024 in Milan, Italy, was a resounding success. In fact, it has become the most well-attended international criminal law conference in the IBA’s history!

Session report one: IBA Annual Conference in Mexico City

A session report from the diversity and inclusion session at the IBA Annual Conference in Mexico City.

Artificial Intelligence and Arbitration: A US Perspective

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to develop, complicated questions arise regarding the scope and role AI technologies play in legal practice. This article identifies and discusses challenges and opportunities that AI’s development pose to legal practice from a US perspective, focusing on AI’s applications to US dispute resolution generally, and to US arbitration in particular. It first discusses problems with defining AI, highlighting competing definitions that conceptualise AI from technical and social perspectives. It then discusses how AI tools currently influence, and will continue to influence, dispute resolution practice in the US. Next, it analyses key US legal considerations influencing how AI will be integrated into US dispute resolution systems, including trends such as how combining a developing technology with an evolving legal landscape is a recipe for uncertainty, and how the variety of relevant actors and sources of law in the US federal system generates complexity when adapting AI tools for use in arbitration. Additionally, it discusses how regulation does not happen in a vacuum, but is coloured by regulatory competition.

Ontario’s Immigrant Nominee Program

This article outlines the eligibility requirements and types of approvals made under Ontario’s Immigrant Nominee Program.

Reflections on the IBA European Regional Forum Retreat in Budapest

Arriving in Budapest, I was excited to join my first IBA European Regional Forum (ERF) retreat as a council member. Bringing together over 50 officers, council members and Advisory Board members, this was a great (and slightly daunting!) opportunity to immerse myself in the ERF and find out more about their current and upcoming projects.

Report from the IBA Automotive and Mobility Services Conference

We were happy to see 110 participants in Munich on 27 March, in the unique location of Upside East for a day of discussions concerning the very challenging times that the automotive industry is now facing. Attendees had a chance to ease into the conference at the welcome cocktail which took place the evening before and it was good to see many familiar faces showing that the conference is becoming a familiar item on the IBA calendar.

Lookback at Boston: IBA Transnational Crime Conference 2023

A report of the 25th Transnational Crime Conference, held 3–5 May 2023 in Boston, Massachusetts.

Highlights from the 11th Annual IBA World Life Sciences Conference, 11–13 June, Boston

From 11–13 June, leading legal experts in life sciences and healthcare convened at the Ritz-Carlton, Boston, for the 11th Annual IBA World Life Sciences Conference. The event, co-hosted by the IBA Intellectual Property and Healthcare and Life Sciences Law Committees, brought together regulators, corporate counsel, private practitioners and academics to address the most pressing developments at the intersection of law, innovation and global health. This articles considers the key themes and panel highlights of the conference.

Psychological health, safety and wellbeing: reshaping the working environment of the European law firm – IBA Annual Conference Paris, 30 October 2023

The European Regional Forum (ERF), in particular its Professional Wellbeing Working Party (PWWP), organised a session on lawyers' wellbeing and ways in which we can make our law firms become better working environments. This session was additionally organised with the support of the IBA’s Presidential Task Force on Mental Health and wellbeing and the Professional Ethics Committee; it took place at the IBA 2023 Annual Conference in Paris.

IBA European Fashion and Luxury Law Conference 2025: London edition sets the stage for industry innovation

The International Bar Association’s (IBA) European Regional Forum brought the global fashion and luxury law community together in London for the 2025 edition of its highly anticipated European Fashion and Luxury Law Conference. Held on 15–16 May at the iconic OXO2 venue, the event drew over 100 attendees, including leading legal professionals, in-house counsel and industry experts, all eager to explore the latest legal and commercial trends shaping the fashion and luxury sectors. This article provides an overview of the conference.

IBA Criminal Law Section at the 2024 IBA Annual Conference in Mexico City

The IBA’s Criminal Law Section (made up of the Criminal Law, Business Crime, Anti-Corruption and Asset Recovery Committees) has closed 2024 with another successful conference; this time in Mexico City, where around 5,000 delegates gathered to exchange ideas, discuss the latest hot topics in the legal world and – of course – experience Mexican food, music and culture (including a memorable trip to a Lucha Libre wrestling competition).