Labour and employment challenges in cross-border workforce reductions in the context of multinational corporations (MNCs)
This article explores the labour and employment implications of restructuring initiatives undertaken by multinational corporations (MNCs), with particular focus on the legal and practical challenges arising from cross-border workforce reductions, redundancies, and retrenchments.
Released on Jul 30, 2026
Employee monitoring and workplace privacy issues discovered during due diligence in North Macedonia
As employers increasingly rely on surveillance technologies, biometric systems, and digital monitoring tools, compliance with employment and personal data protection laws has become a critical area of review in corporate transactions. This article examines employee monitoring and workplace privacy issues that may be identified during due diligence in North Macedonia. It explores the legal framework governing workplace monitoring, key due diligence considerations, potential risks for investors and buyers, and the broader implications of privacy compliance in the modern workplace.
Released on Jul 30, 2026
Where is the boundary? ‘Smart working’ and the territorial scope of Italian non-competes
Two decisions handed down by the Labour Court of Milan in March and April 2026 have set boundaries on the use of remote working clauses (so-called clausole di remotizzazione) in post-employment non-competition covenants. These provisions are often used to avoid that non-compete obligations may be eluded through competitive work physically performed from a country not covered by the covenant, the effects of which are however produced within the specifically prohibited territory.
Released on Jul 30, 2026
Cross-border labour and employment law trends in a changing global landscape
As borders blur and workforces go global, the rules governing labour and employment are caught in a relentless race to keep pace. From the gig economy’s defiance of traditional employment classifications to the seismic shifts triggered by remote work, multinational enterprises and workers alike now navigate a labyrinth of overlapping, often conflicting legal regimes. Employment contracts, social security obligations and data governance frameworks are emerging as key areas which will require systematic re-examination in light of this evolving workforce structure.
Released on Jul 20, 2026
Pay transparency in Italy: Legislative Decree No. 96/2026 – employer obligations, enforcement and strategic implications
Italy’s Legislative Decree No. 96/2026 entered into force on 7 June 2026, transposing Directive (EU) 2023/970 on pay transparency and the enforcement of equal pay. This article outlines the new employer obligations, the enforcement structure and the strategic challenges for Italian business, and identifies the points at which the national legislator has narrowed the Directive’s reach. The analysis also draws on early Italian commentary published in Norme & Tributi Plus Lavoro (Il Sole 24 Ore), June 2026.
Released on Jul 20, 2026
Labour and employment trends and developments in Indonesia
Indonesia’s labour and employment regulations is entering a new phase of adjustment, marked by recent measures on online transport workers, outsourcing, domestic workers, and the preparation of a new employment law following Constitutional Court Decision No. 168/PUU-XXI/2023. For employers and cross-border businesses, these developments signal a more protection-oriented regulatory approach.
Released on Jul 20, 2026
Rewriting compensation procedures: how India’s new Labour Codes are driving a compensation overhaul
India’s impending new employment laws are forcing companies to change how they manage their money and pay structures. It is forcing an urgent, boardroom-level rewriting of compensation procedures to navigate a reconstituted definition of ‘wages’, which triggers escalating statutory liabilities, compressed final settlement timelines, and democratised fixed-term employment benefits. This article analyses the legal framework and practical application of the new system, breaking down its regulatory mechanics and operational realities. It also evaluates the long-term legal and operational implications for employers.
Released on Jul 20, 2026
Compensation and benefits in Turkey: recent trends and practical challenges for multinational employers
Inflation, workforce mobility, pay transparency expectations and growing employee expectations regarding wellbeing, flexibility and work-life balance are reshaping compensation and benefits strategies across jurisdictions. This article examines recent trends and practical challenges affecting multinational employers in Turkey, including pay compression, benefits design, expatriate compensation, executive remuneration and the localisation of global reward policies
Released on Jul 20, 2026
Managing multinational employment law compliance in the era of constant change: disability rights reform in North Macedonia’s labour market
This article analyses a new proposed Law on Professional Rehabilitation and Support of Employment of Persons with Disabilities to be adopted in North Macedonia, placing it within the broader challenges of multinational employment law compliance. It explores the law’s objectives, mechanisms, and alignment with EU and international standards, while considering implications for multinational employers navigating diverse regulatory frameworks.
Released on May 4, 2026
Union consultation goes digital amid renewed debate over traditional principles of union recognition
Recent Italian case law decisions spanned from considering the impact of increasingly digital workplaces on trade union rights to re-examining traditional union representation and recognition principles. In two 2026 decisions the Court of Cassation clarified that digital consultation methods may satisfy statutory obligations, provided that substantive participation is preserved. Together, these rulings reflect a consistent judicial approach: procedural forms may evolve, but the core functions of representation and collective negotiation must remain intact. Running in parallel, the Constitutional Court’s October 2025 ruling on Article 19 of the Workers’ Statute reshaped the criteria for workplace union recognition by rejecting exclusive dependence on company‑level bargaining participation as the sole gateway to RSA status and grounding representation rights in objective measures of union national representativeness.
Released on May 4, 2026
India’s new Labour Codes: recognition of trade unions
India’s new labour codes presents by far the biggest change in the country’s employment law legislative history. This article focuses on the concept of recognition of trade unions, as introduced by the law.
Released on Apr 29, 2026
The Nokia case: ‘genuine collective purpose’ and the future of enterprise-based representation
This article examines the Israeli National Labour Court’s ruling in the Nokia case, focusing on the legal definition of a ‘workers organisation’. The decision rejects recognition of an internal, enterprise-based committee, emphasising the requirement of a genuine collective purpose. The Court held that a body upholding individual employment agreements as primary cannot qualify for recognition. The article places this reasoning within broader transformations in labour markets, where hybrid models of representation are emerging. It argues that the ruling highlights an unresolved tension between traditional collective bargaining frameworks and evolving employee preferences for more flexible, individualised forms of collective representation.
Released on Apr 29, 2026
Between algorithms and fundamental rights: the EU’s AI Act and its impact on Latin American employment law
This article examines the growing adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in employment and analyses how the European Union (EU)’s AI Act is influencing emerging regulatory frameworks across Latin America, particularly in areas such as transparency, risk classification, human oversight, and worker protection. It highlights how Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay are aligning with EU standards while navigating local institutional, economic, and ethical challenges in shaping AI governance for the workplace.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
Mexico’s new pay transparency era: from ‘equal pay for equal work’ to enforcement, data and job-posting transparency
Recent constitutional and Federal Labour Law (FLL) reforms in Mexico have reframed equal pay as a structural obligation to reduce the gender pay gap, moving beyond its traditional role as an individual anti-discrimination guarantee. This article examines the implications of this shift and the emerging pay-transparency proposals which may soon reshape employer compliance expectations.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
Artificial intelligence at work: a Malaysian perspective
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping Malaysia’s workforce by transforming job roles, productivity expectations, and necessary skill sets, creating both opportunities for efficiency and risks of displacement. In response, upskilling initiatives and digital education reforms have been introduced to equip employees with AI competencies, while emphasising the need for coordinated policies to ensure automation complements human labour.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
Pay transparency: a mandatory opportunity to review company organisation and internal procedures
Directive (EU) 2023/970 on pay transparency should not be viewed merely as a new compliance obligation. If properly implemented, it offers companies an opportunity to review remuneration systems, organisational structures and internal procedures, improving both regulatory compliance and organisational efficiency.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
Strategies for managing the use of AI in employee disputes
This article analyses the current trend in the increased use of AI in employee communication and disputes.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
Remote work is here to stay: How do multinational employers manage?
Remote work has become a permanent feature of global workplaces, but multinational employers must navigate complex legal issues that arise from these arrangements. This article outlines key considerations related to contractual rights, jurisdictional shifts, privacy law, and tax law, to help employers manage remote work effectively and reduce legal risk.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
AI at work: what employers must require, document, and enforce on confidentiality, IP and responsible AI use
As generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools become embedded in everyday workplace practices, Indian employers face growing legal exposure across confidentiality, intellectual property, and governance. This article examines the contractual gaps created by this shift and offers practical guidance for building enforceable AI use frameworks.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
Which collective bargaining agreement is applicable? Understanding the business succession scenario in Spain
This article aims to examine the rights of workers in cases of business succession resulting from mergers and acquisitions. The analysis focuses on the applicable collective bargaining agreement according to the content of Article 44.4 of the Spanish Workers’ Statute and related jurisprudence, addressing the challenges of applying different collective bargaining agreements to employees of the same company.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
HR in Singapore’s digital economy
The article examines how Singapore’s employment law framework has evolved in response to the trend of digital transformation. It highlights key legal considerations relating to hybrid work models, cross-border employment, digital monitoring, and the ethical use of AI in HR decision-making, emphasising the need to balance innovation with regulatory compliance and fairness.
Released on Apr 21, 2026
Pay transparency in recruitment: the first stage of implementing the EU Pay Transparency Directive in Poland
Recent amendments to the Polish Labour Code introduce new obligations relating to pay transparency at the recruitment stage. The changes constitute the first step towards implementing the EU Pay Transparency Directive into Polish law. The new provisions require employers to inform job applicants about the proposed remuneration or salary range, ensure gender-neutral job titles in recruitment advertisements, and refrain from requesting information about candidates’ salary history. This article analyses the scope of the new obligations, their practical implications for employers conducting recruitment processes, and their role within the broader framework of the Directive’s implementation. The article also discusses interpretative challenges related to the definition of remuneration and the disclosure of internal remuneration regulations. Finally, it situates the recent amendments within the broader legislative process aimed at strengthening equal pay mechanisms and transparency in the labour market.
Released on Apr 20, 2026
Obligations to agree and consult trade unions under the draft Polish Pay Transparency Act
The draft Polish act implementing the EU Pay Transparency Directive imposes a number of obligations on employers that require cooperation with workplace trade union organisations or – where no such organisations operate – with employee representatives elected by the workforce. This article analyses the scope and nature of these obligations, with particular emphasis on the fundamental distinction in Polish employment law between consultation and agreement. It also discusses the practical challenges that the new regulations may create for employers and social partners.
Released on Apr 20, 2026
Understanding foreign employment regulations: rights, obligations and protections for workers in Ghana
Foreign employment has become an increasingly common practice as workers seek opportunities beyond their home countries. However, for workers engaged in such contracts, it is vital to understand their rights and the legal framework protecting them, as well as the obligations of their employers. This article is an overview of the key provisions in the regulations governing foreign employment, designed to ensure fairness and safety for workers and their families
Released on Jul 28, 2025
The definition of workplace and enterprise in determination of competence for trade unions’ collective agreements under Turkish jurisprudence
The Turkish Collective Bargaining Agreements Law establishes distinct thresholds for determining a trade union’s eligibility to negotiate and conclude collective agreements. Multiple work locations can be collectively considered as a single workplace if they present in the form of a ‘connected place’. Conversely, an enterprise refers to a broader unit comprising multiple workplaces, potentially spanning different sectors, all under a single employer’s ownership and control.
Released on Jul 28, 2025
From courtrooms to contracts: navigating non-compete covenants through Italian case law
This article aims to highlight the most critical aspects of post-contractual non-compete covenants for subordinate employees, considering the latest developments in case law. Italian regulations strive to balance the protection of a company’s assets with the right to work. Case law plays a significant role in interpreting the legal requirements; this article analyses areas of uncertainty such as the amount and method of payment for due consideration, the scope of the agreement and the possibility of employer withdrawal, which companies must consider when drafting relevant contractual agreements.
Released on Jul 28, 2025
Artificial intelligence in Spanish collective bargaining agreements
Artificial intelligence (AI) is absolutely crucial for understanding the future of labour relations. In Spain, specific clauses on this subject have started to appear in a few collective bargaining agreements and are based essentially on respecting legal representatives’ rights to information and on the impact that AI can have on working conditions.
Released on Jul 28, 2025
Global talent mobility: overcoming legal and cultural barriers in India
As globalisation accelerates, businesses are increasingly seeking to tap into diverse talent pools, thereby driving innovation and enhancing competitiveness. However, navigating the legal framework in India, including compliance with immigration laws, social security contributions and establishing a local presence, sometimes presents challenges for organisations. This article discusses strategies for overcoming these legal and cultural barriers, as we delve into strategising the business structure, evaluating compliance obligations, developing inclusive work environments, offering cross-cultural training and addressing communication challenges.
Released on Jul 28, 2025
Employment termination in India: navigating legal frameworks, fair procedures and severance strategies
This article provides an overview of the key legal provisions in India that govern employment termination. It delves into the procedural safeguards in place to prevent unfair dismissals, highlighting the distinctions in employment termination practices across different sectors, the special protections afforded to vulnerable groups such as women, disabled or sick employees and the importance of adherence to principles of natural justice in the termination process.
Released on Jul 28, 2025
Navigating workplace investigations in the post-DEI era
With the growing attack on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives in the United States, workplace investigations will undoubtedly be at the forefront of the changes. Employees in underrepresented groups may think that their employer no longer protects their needs while employers may fear audits, liability or penalties if they stray from the US President’s recent Executive Orders. This article examines how the evolving DEI landscape is shaping workplace investigations, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) investigation updates and how organisations can ensure fairness, due process and legal compliance through investigations in a post-DEI era.
Released on Jul 28, 2025