The last few years have seen a surge of climate change-related cases against governments. On the one hand, climate litigation is being used as an instrument to enhance a government's climate ambitions. On the other, corporations affected by the government's climate policy – for example in relation to the phaseout of fossil fuels – are seeking recourse in investor-state arbitration (notably under the Energy Charter Treaty). Are governments caught between a rock and a hard place? This panel will consider the current state of play and look ahead at future developments in the area of climate change litigation against governments.