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The current era of technology and reachable-everywhere-and-anytime lawyers imposed its rules. This wide adoption of instant messaging in some of the Middle East jurisdictions, including the UAE, has been encouraged and regularized by legislation and court decisions that afforded validity and evidentiary weight to instant messaging and electronic communications on equal footing with conventional means of communication and written documentation.
Tour details
• Date: 5 June 2026
• Pick-up time and location:1630 (near Lisbon historic city centre)
• Duration: Approximately 2 hours
• Price: €35 per person (VAT included)
• Booking deadline: 26 May 2026
How to book
Please contact Tuk Guide Portugal directly:
• Email: reservas@tukguideportugal.pt
• WhatsApp: +351 919 920 000
When booking, please quote the following booking reference and also provide the details below:
• Booking reference: IBA05062026
• Full name
• Contact phone number
• Address and preferred pick-up location
The tour company will then send payment instructions directly to you.
12th Annual IBA World Life Sciences Conference
Apr 14, 2026
This paper assesses the evidentiary value of WhatsApp and SMS screenshots – and, by analogy, ordinary unsigned emails – in Italian civil litigation. Courts treat such communications as ‘mechanical reproductions’ under Article 2712 of the Italian Civil Code, giving them full probative effect unless their conformity is specifically disavowed. The paper summarises the impact of disavowal and the main routes to prove authenticity (verification proceedings, court-appointed forensic analysis, presumptions, and witness evidence), and briefly discusses their use to support applications for payment orders and, in stricter cases, provisionally enforceable injunctions.
IBA Annual Conference Paris 2023
Jul 21, 2025
Texas is a large real estate, banking and energy market. Texas has an effective procedure known as ‘receivership’ which allows judgment creditors to recover assets from Texan individual and corporate debtors.
The chaos caused by what police believe was a lone man’s killing of four people near Westminster in London has once again stirred the debate on the boundaries of the law and the remit of government bodies intended to prevent terror attacks.
At the centre of the debate is messenger service WhatsApp, which the attacker is thought to have used minutes before driving a car onto the busy pedestrian lane on Westminster Bridge.
Feb 17, 2023
This article will outline the development of China’s restrictions on the cross-border transfer of personal information (PI export), detailing PI export mechanisms provided by the Personal Information Protection Law. It will also explain the practical implications of the restrictions.
Aug 05, 2024
In this article, the authors trace the history, evolution and latest developments of the antitrust laws’ application to labour markets in the United States. Then, they describe common types of claims in labour markets cases, before analysing recent criminal and civil wage-fixing, no poach, and merger challenges. The authors conclude by providing actions companies should consider taking, as they seek to avoid finding themselves as a defendant in an antitrust–labour markets case.
Oct 08, 2025
On 2 June 2025, the European Commission issued its first decision on no-poach agreements. Following dawn raids in July 2022 and November 2023, it fined Delivery Hero and Glovo €329m for participating in a food delivery cartel, which comprised not only no-poach agreements but also information exchanges and market partitioning. The Commission’s decision follows a wave of national European precedents initiated in 2019 that condemned employment-related practices. While the debate around the qualification of no-poach agreements is relatively new at the European level and is currently being clarified by the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU), the United States has been exploring this issue for more than a decade.
Oct 20, 2021
There is little guidance for arbitration practitioners on how personal data protection obligations should be complied with in international arbitration. In February 2019, the International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA) and the International Bar Association (IBA) established a Joint Task Force on Data Protection in International Arbitration Proceedings. In March 2020, the Task Force published a consultation draft Roadmap that seeks to provide such practical guidance. This article, focusing specifically on the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), serves as a commentary on this Roadmap in light of six pertinent issues regarding personal data protection in international arbitration.
Dec 18, 2025
This article examines the investigation launched by the Brazilian Competition Authority (CADE) into the Soy Moratorium, a multi-stakeholder agreement aimed at curbing deforestation. The investigation is a key development in Brazil’s treatment of sustainability agreements under competition law. The case stems from allegations that the Moratorium operates as a coordinated refusal to purchase soy from non-compliant producers. CADE’s preliminary view characterised the arrangement as a potential buyer cartel, prompting sweeping preventive measures later partially suspended by Brazilian courts. This article compares Brazil’s approach with emerging international guidance, underscoring regulatory uncertainty and the need for clearer CADE standards on environmental cooperation.
Jan 09, 2024
This article reviews the recent European Union regulations, namely the Digital Services Act and the Digital Markets Act which regulate digital platforms with operations in Europe, from different perspectives. Likewise, the article revises some regulatory projects in Brazil and the United States, before turning to Argentina, where the regulation of the intermediaries’ responsibility is an issue of current relevance. Due to the lack of an ex-ante regulation regarding these topics, this article goes over some of the cases treated with consumer protection regulations as well as with antitrust law and data privacy provisions.
Like many countries around the world, Nigeria was forced to impose a lockdown in Lagos (Nigeria’s commercial hub) and Abuja (Nigeria’s capital city) to combat the spread of Covid-19. The government’s ban on public gatherings and interstate travel resulted in the judiciary’s suspension of court sittings from March to May 2020, except for hearings of cases that were considered urgent, essential or time-bound.
The landscape for potential human rights abuses by digital surveillance is changing as the methods used grow ever more powerful. Global Insight considers this evolution and the need for regulatory frameworks to adapt.
Dec 21, 2023
India is increasingly becoming a key jurisdiction for foreign investment. To keep the momentum going, the Indian government has consistently attempted to keep the business environment friendly and less burdensome. This includes: a reduction in corporate tax rates; easing the liquidity problems of non-banking financial corporations and banks; foreign direct investment policy reforms; and easing compliance norms – all with the aim of promoting ‘ease of doing business in India’. After more than a decade, India’s competition law has recently been amended, bringing about key changes that will impact businesses. The 2023 Amendments to the Indian Competition Act 2002 (the Act) introduce changes that several antitrust jurisdictions are still considering. The 2023 Amendments are a mixed bag of changes: several are business friendly – such as commitments and settlements, expedited merger review timelines and introducing a leniency-plus regime – while others aim to achieve greater regulatory oversight and stricter enforcement, such as deal value thresholds, penalties on global turnover and increased liability for hubs in ‘hub-and-spoke’ cartels. The Competition Commission of India (CCI), the body entrusted with the responsibility to nurture and maintain well-functioning markets that facilitate the growth manifested by the Indian government, must adopt a balanced approach to ensure that competition enforcement does not get in the way of ‘economic growth’ as envisaged under the Preamble of the Act. This article examines the impact of the 2023 Amendments on the Indian market. In particular, the writers examine the CCI’s approach in adopting these tools and tailor it according to the requirements of the Indian economy.
Aug 20, 2024
With regulators around the world stepping up their focus on off-channel communications, all businesses must ensure they’ve appropriate policies and procedures in place, as In-House Perspective reports.
Jan 23, 2023
Last autumn, US antitrust agencies blocked a proposed deal between two major book publishers. Global Insight examines the case in the context of the activist approach being taken by regulators, especially towards Big Tech.
Mar 18, 2025
The development of AI data centres has been identified as one of the primary drivers of anticipated growth in the power sector in the next decade. Given the scale of these projects and the concentrated usage of electricity, behind-the-meter power generation structures are being mooted to expedite delivery of AI data centre projects while minimising cost-shifting to users of the grid. Although there have been positive developments at the federal level which may facilitate the buildout of new generating assets, state and local laws will remain a primary consideration on whether behind-the-meter structures can be successfully deployed in a given location.
Oct 08, 2025
The High Court in England and Wales has recently examined the use of generative artificial intelligence tools by lawyers in litigation. Two cases were referred to the High Court after it became apparent that false citations appeared in legal documents that were being relied upon by lawyers. Intentionally submitting false material in court proceedings, with the knowledge that the information is false, will amount to contempt of court. This could attract a prison sentence of up to two years. The harshness of the punishment is for good reason: deliberate interference with the administration of justice is a serious act that undermines public confidence in the legal process.
Aug 04, 2021
Imagine the defendant in the lawsuit you are about to commence in the federal courts in the United States resides in a country that is a signatory to the Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters (the Hague Convention).
The approach currently adopted by competition authorities around the world against so-called big tech hides two main risks, namely the delay in respect of innovation processes that may cause the actions undertaken turn out to be vain and the antitrust over-enforcement. This second feature, particularly, is strictly related to the position that enforcers are prone to adopt on competition law goals, which debate has massively re-emerged in the present context
The continued proliferation of disinformation online – often referred to as ‘fake news’ – has this summer led to increased scrutiny and action from governments.
May 04, 2026
Recent Italian case law decisions spanned from considering the impact of increasingly digital workplaces on trade union rights to re-examining traditional union representation and recognition principles. In two 2026 decisions the Court of Cassation clarified that digital consultation methods may satisfy statutory obligations, provided that substantive participation is preserved. Together, these rulings reflect a consistent judicial approach: procedural forms may evolve, but the core functions of representation and collective negotiation must remain intact. Running in parallel, the Constitutional Court’s October 2025 ruling on Article 19 of the Workers’ Statute reshaped the criteria for workplace union recognition by rejecting exclusive dependence on company‑level bargaining participation as the sole gateway to RSA status and grounding representation rights in objective measures of union national representativeness.
Jun 22, 2022
This article considers Pakistan’s crackdown on social media giants such as Facebook, Twitter and TikTok, and the relationship between these restrictions and the right to freedom of expression.
Oct 12, 2021
In this article we look at the growth of data breach class actions in the UK and Europe following the coming into force of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We also consider regulatory activity in the data protection field and the links between investigations and recent class actions. Looking to the future we ask whether current trends are likely to continue, highlighting some powerful policy statements made by the English Court of Appeal in support of data breach class actions, and conclude with a few words on litigation funding and its role in facilitating these kinds of cases.
The article examines the Competition Commission of India’s (CCI) decisional practice in cases of abuse of dominance in relation to big tech companies. The authors note that the CCI has adopted a cautious approach, and has on certain occasions expressed its reluctance in early intervention in a nascent sector. The article examines the need for the CCI to be driven by a fact-based approach in light of the jurisprudence from other mature regulators.
IBA Global Insight June/July 2017. Terrorism and the law: tech companies central to government response; IBA partners with UN for global anti-torture initiative; ‘Vigilant’ French law introduces duty of care for large companies
IBA Global Insight October/November 2018 -Russian corruption: growing calls for tougher sanctions to combat ‘dirty’ money; The United Kingdom has long been recognised as a favoured destination for wealthy Russian investors, but the flow of ‘dirty money’ from Russia is tainting the country’s reputation. It is increasingly viewed as a safe haven for the Kremlin’s coffers, according to a recent report by the UK House of Commons’ Foreign Affairs Committee
Jul 01, 2020
By Richard V. Singleton and Godofredo Mendes Vianna. From the Chairs - Maritime and Transport Law Committee newsletter article, July 2020
Jun 16, 2021
An exponential rise in online abuse and harassment has necessitated governments to step up online regulation.
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